Countries at Low Levels of Development Face Such Huge Challenges That They Cannot Hope to Address Them Without the Assistance of the Rest of the World

Darfur International Conflict Location of Darfur Dafur is a desert region in the far west of northern Sudan. Sudan is the largest unpolished in Africa. It borders the Red Sea and 9 other African nations. Brief background The population is 42. 2 million, capital city is Kartoum, life expectancy of 56 yrs for males and 60 long time for females. The GNI per capita is US $1,130. Population of about 6 million people. The North/south civil war lasted for 2 decades before the Dafur crisis killed over 2 million people. Decades of fighting have left Sudans infrastructure devastated.Arabic is the offical language of Sudan, and Islam is the religion of the state. Large non- Arabic speaking and non-muslim population which has rejected attempts by the government to cut down Islamic Sharia law on the country as a whole. Economic Social Environmental Political Causes of The African rebel groups (SLA and JEM) Refugees from Darfur say product line raids by Dafur- which means land of the Fu r, many Fighting in Dafur started in early 2003.The Sudan conflict wanted greater representation for their government aircrafts were followed by attacks years of tension over land and grazing rightsLiberation Army (SLA) and Justice Equality Movement ( communities in the Arab-dominated nationalfrom Janjaweed, who would ride into villages on betwixt winding Arabs, and farmers from the JEM) began attacking government targets, accusing government and wanted increased funding horses and camels, slaughtering men, raping Fur. capital of Sudan of oppressing black Africans in favour of for Darfur schools, hospitals, public women and stealing. long history of cooperation between Darfur Arabs. services and a share of Sudans cover Arabs and Africans The main conflicts have Pro-government Arab militias are charged of revenue. been over access to weewee and farmland. campaigning ethnic cleansing against non-Arab groups. Droughts in 1984 intensified struggles over President Bas hir took power in June 1989 in a resources. military coup against the elected government feign of Sudan has large areas of cultivable land, UN guess more than 2. 7 million people fled Janjaweed have campaigned to drive African In March 2009, the International Criminal Court conflict gold and cotton.Its oil reserves are ripetheir homes ( refugees) and more than 300 000 farmers off fertile lands in Darfur, have issued an arrest warrant for President Omar al- for exploitation. The conflict has held have been killed in the conflict from a burned African villages and deliberately Bashir, on the charges of war in Dafur. back economic progress. combined effect of war, famine and disease. contaminated water sources. For years after independence, all Dafuris- Arabs and Some human rights groups have said genocide is Africans alike- tended to view the Sudanese taking place- UN investigations in 2005 government in Khartoum as corrupt and biased towards concluded th at war crimes had been committed Darfur. but there had been no intent to commit genocide. International impacts Strained relations with neighbouring Chad to the west.Both countries accuse Conflict resolution President Bashir won re-election in 2000. The opposition boycotted the poll, each other of supporting each others rebel groups. Dafur conflict could lead to a wider, regional war. accusing him of vote-rigging. There are over 200 000 refugees in Chad, many camped along the 600 km stretch of corder and who remain vulnerable to attack. Political After the UK ( compound rulers until 1956) introduced democratic councils, there was The implications of ongoing violence could further destabilise the region and this could have a knock competition between Darfur Arabs and Africans for political offices. After independence, this on effect on the worlds oil supply for countries such as the US, who are attempting to reduce their competition increased and Darfur Arabs soug ht to undo centuries of African dominance in Darfur independence on oil from the Middle East. government. Other information Location of Afghanistan Landlocked mountainous sovereign state forming part of South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast. Brief background Economic Social Environmental Political Causes of conflict Impact of conflict International impacts Conflict resolution Other information Afghanistan International Conflict