Howard Kang Free Essays

In emotional structure, be it monolog, discourse or full showy scene, the creator can't step into the activity to remark or decipher for us, as he can in a novel. We should make our own determinations from what we see and hear, and this makes for incredible impacts, as a character uncovers oneself to us by what the individual says or does. In the monolog, â€Å"My Last Duchess† Browning misdirects us with extraordinary ability before we understand that we are tuning in to a criminal insane person. We will compose a custom exposition test on Howard Kang or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now The emotional impact lies in the unexpected we feel as reality at last rises. In Act IV, scene iii of Othello there is again a horrifying incongruity for the watcher, who knows more than Desdemona and is obviously barren to support her. Shakespeare works like a dental specialist without a sedative, and the agony of the crowd originates from the agonizing blamelessness of the bound Desdemona, who is doubtlessly something like the Duchess in Browning’s sonnet, defenseless and confused notwithstanding the deadly madness of her significant other. The Duke in Browning’s â€Å"My Last Duchess† sounds so rational! In any case, what makes him increasingly shocking is that he is brilliantly thoughtful and articulate †â€Å"Will’t please you sit and take a gander at her? † (5). As he recounts to his story he appears to proceed with caution with incredible alert, as though he is very liberated from the misshaping intensity of outrage or some other energy, and is quick to evade any injustice in his judgment: â€Å"She had/A heart †in what capacity will I say? †too early made glad† (21-2), â€Å"†¦ yet said thanks to/Somehow †I know not how †as though she ranked†¦ † (31-2). He never raises his voice, and talks with a deliberate certainty that very takes us in. From the outset we may be enticed to accept that his perspectives are sensible: â€Å"Sir, ‘twas not/her husband’s nearness just, called that spot/Of delight into the Duchess’ cheek† (13-15). His way is controlled even as he alludes to her unfaithfulness. The painter complimented her about her appearance, starting at course he would, being a Renaissance craftsman and absolutely reliant on support, however she was enchanted by it †absurdly, the Duke proposes. â€Å"She loved whate’er/She looked on† (23-24). She was enchanted by the magnificence of the dusk, and the little tribute from the man who gave her the fruits, the same amount of as â€Å"My favor at her breast† (25). What he is by all accounts protesting is her inability to be appropriately particular and privileged in her preferences. This is a fairly extraordinary kind of highbrow character, yet maybe not uncommon; we may not think that its appealing, yet we may acknowledge it as an element of a glad man. In Browning’s My Last Duchess, the homicide is inferred. It isn't portrayed in unequivocal terms as in Othello. In the lines, â€Å"Paint/Must never would like to imitate the swoon/Half-flush that kicks the bucket along her throat†, the speaker worships the ‘faint half-flush’ on his wife’s face that no paint could re-include and simultaneously leaves a slight indication that she had been choked to death. The clever monolog is sufficient to make the point clear and secret simultaneously. Constantly, Browning is baiting us up the nursery way. We start to recognize the issue. The Duke is gigantically glad, a man of incredible legacy, while she is liberated from vainglory, enchanted by the enjoyments of the world and human consideration, and truly honest. (Treachery doesn't appear to be the Duke’s concern by and by) Then we start to perceive how pathologically glad and egotistical he truly is. Indeed, even had you expertise/In discourse †(which I have not)† (35-36), (he lies, obviously) to disclose your issue with her conduct †which is plainly very â€Å"normal† †it would include â€Å"stooping, and I pick/Never to stoop† (42-3). Along these lines, as opposed to address her about his disappointment, which would include unimaginable loftiness by him, he decided to take care of the issue rather more fundamentally: â€Å"This developed; I provided orders;/Then all grins halted altogether† (45-6). It pauses for a minute for us to enroll what he did, so mind boggling is it thus slyly expressed. She said thanks to men,â€good; however expressed gratitude toward/Somehow†¦. I know not how †¦. as though she positioned/My endowment of a 900 years of age name/With anybody’s gift,†-the last piece of the discourse unmistakably delivers the jealousy bothering in the speaker’s heart! The unyielding pride of the Duke comes out through the turns of expressions of this piece of this long monolog, â€Å"†¦. what's more, on the off chance that she let/Herself be lessoned along these lines, nor doubtlessly set/Her brains to yours ,forsooth and concocted rationalization,/ - E’en then would be some stooping and I pick/Never to stoop. The Duke can barely ‘chose to stoop’to yield to the infantile miens of his delightful spouse. Once more, envy is by all accounts predominant in the tone of these words: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Goodness, Sir, she grinned no uncertainty,/Whene’er I passed her; yet who went without/much a simil ar grin? † Then having admitted to kill, or, rather, bragged it, he proceeds with his dealings for his next Duchess, celebrating, by chance, one of his preferred works of art, â€Å"Neptune†¦ Taming an ocean horse† (54-5), the very picture of the ruthless control that he has himself applied over his guiltless last Duchess. The willow scene from Othello works in an unexpected way, obviously, on the grounds that it is an exchange, however it is in the internal functions of Desdemona’s mind that the emotional structure is uncovered here, the same amount of just like the case in Browning’s sonnet There is a practically horrendous feeling about this scene on the grounds that Desdemona is so defenseless. She has a smart thought of what will happen †â€Å"If I do kick the bucket before thee, prithee cover me/In one of those equivalent sheets† (24-5) and is barren notwithstanding her destiny. There is by all accounts no resistance against the heartless execution of Othello’s angered will. She is in such a daze; a spellbinding of stun. Everything she can do is sit tight for the end, and the lamentable straightforwardness of her appearance here is the indication of an injured soul in retreat from the real world. The heartbreaking air is given extra power by the intermittent interference of the regular subtleties of â€Å"undressing for bed†, the ongoing proceeding of regular day to day existence in light of the fact that there is nothing else to do even with the most noticeably terrible †â€Å"Prithee unfasten me† (21). She keeps on imagining this is only a conventional night: â€Å"This Lodovico is an appropriate man† (35), not an examination of Othello with her nation structures, yet a despicable endeavor at tattle. Be that as it may, her genuine contemplations rise in the fixation on the willow tune, which she can't help it. It is the ideal reflection of her own fortune: â€Å"And she kicked the bucket singing it; that tune today around evening time/Will not go from my mind† (30-1). Like a detail from a psychoanalyst’s casebook comes the unprompted line in the tune that parts with the most profound contemplations of the howling casualty. Let no one accuse him, his contempt I affirm, †Nay, that’s not next. Look! Who’s that thumps? â€It is the breeze. † (51-3) She rectifies herself, however the total dread of acknowledgment experiences her. Contrasted and Desdemona’s defenselessness notwithstanding the debasement of Othello, Emilia’s jo kes have a tremendously therapeutic wellbeing. It's anything but an analysis of Desdemona, yet it is a firm setting of trust in an individual by Shakespeare. In Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor can barely be accused for his ill-advised choice of killing Desdemona, who had been dark painted by his ‘honest Iago’ and it was Iago again who had planted the seeds of desire in his psyche. Desdemona argued her blamelessness finally and approached to call for Cassius yet Othello ran crazy chafed by sexual envy. Othello could barely be accused for his mentality, as he was a Moor and new to the ways and habits of the Venetian culture. Normally, he succumbed to Iago’s suggestions and submitted the homicide of his excellent spouse, Desdemona, who was really, guiltlessness typified. In Act IV, sc ii, Othello in answer to Desdemona’s arguing blamelessness disgustingly shouted out, â€Å"O Desdemona, away! away! away! † Desdemona, being absolutely unconscious of the hanky she had lost attempted to prevail upon her significant other, â€Å"Am I the intention of these tears my Lord? † It may have been conceivable that Othello could have turned hard of hearing ears to Iago’s hostile remarks or defamations cast on Desdemona, yet as he was new to their general public and culture, it turned out to be simple for Iago to set him against his better half, who was a paragon of magnificence. By method of reply, when Othello stands up, â€Å"Had it satisfied Heaven/To attempt me with pain; had they come down/All sorts of wounds and disgrace on my uncovered head/Steeped me in neediness to the very lips/Given to bondage me and my most extreme expectations/I ought to have found in some spot of my spirit/A drop of patience†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †and finally goes to the subject of â€Å"complexion†, â€Å"Turn thy appearance thee.. †¦Ay there look as horrid as hellfire! †, we discover Othello a disheartened, disappointed , lost soul feeling little for being a Black Moor who was strange to the Venetian culture! The complex of Culture and Identity pounces upon him, no uncertainty! Othello chose to stop the life of his unfaithful spouse finally and as he articulated the words in Act V, Sc ii, â€Å"Yet, I’ll not shed her blood;/Nor scar that more white skin of hers than day off/smooth as momentous alabaster/Yet she should kick the bucket, else she’ll double-cross more men†, Did he not sound equivalent to the Duke of My Last Duchess who had been made distraught

Essay Writing Topics For Toefl

Essay Writing Topics For ToeflAs you begin your journey to earn a degree through the program of The Ohio State University, one of the first steps you should take is choosing a topic for your writing assignments. You must choose a topic that suits your personality and academic aptitude. With over thirty-five majors to choose from, you can find a topic for your writing that will stimulate your mind.Many university students, in general, have limited knowledge regarding the topic they will be assigned. For this reason, writing essays for people who don't know much about the subject you are writing about, can be quite difficult.The only way you can make it easier is to get enough information from the faculty before you begin your essay writing assignments. The next best thing is to seek out expert guidance before beginning your essay writing projects. They may be able to give you advice on which subjects to write about or what essay topics are suitable for you.There are many different top ics that you can choose from. If you have a strong personality and academic aptitude, you can choose a topic that will stimulate you. On the other hand, if you have problems in writing, the topic you choose must be easy to write. This way, you won't lose your enthusiasm and interest when writing your essays.One of the most frequently used essay writing topics for toefl is journalism. If you are a journalist, then you must consider this as one of your essay writing topics for theft.You can write about the recent events and changes occurring in your particular region. You can write about controversial political issues that have been taking place or the latest news that has been occurring in the society. Newspapers would prefer articles that are based on current events rather than new information.If you want to write about some long-forgotten event, choose a topic that has not been talked about since the times of the ancient Egyptians. You may also choose topics that are related to you r area of expertise such as industry, finance, technology, agriculture, etc. You must be prepared for different types of writing assignments as well as different levels of difficulty that each assignment may have.You should know what type of topic is appropriate for your situation and writing style. In addition, it is necessary to read up on the topic first so that you would know how to go about it.

Devine Love vs Human Love Essay

End of the Affair both recognize divine love and human love. A consistent idea that runs all through is the irregularities that are related with human love and the genuine idea of celestial love. Both Greene and Lewis utilize familial, dispassionate and sensual love to represent the differentiation between divine love and human love with the outcome that the peruser acknowledges that human love is shallow given for an inappropriate reasons while divine love is legitimate love given for quite a few reasons. In addition, both Greene and Lewis utilize their heroes to show that while human love is described by negative feelings, for example, desire and childishness, divine love is thoughtful and unselfish. This paper centers around the assortments of affection included in the two books and exhibits how innovation will in general organize human love over awesome love with the end goal of supporting how and why sentimental, familial and suggestive love, all types of human love are uprooted in the two books. In every one of the books, the inevitable message is that suggestive love is delicate and carelessly wavers on the external edges of loathe. C. S. Lewis’s Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold As in Greene’s The End of the Affair Lewis’s Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold Human love is uncovered for all its intrinsic imperfections. Orual, the focal figure in Lewis’s Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold describes her relationship with her sister Psyche. Through Orual Lewis allows his peruser to follow the movement of that relationship revealing the shortcomings related with friendly love that Orual has for her sister Psyche and how that affection forms into possessive love. Embodying the frailties of human love, especially familial love, Lewis likewise exhibits how human love can be contingent and narrow minded by uncovering the delicate connection among Orual and her dad. Maybe more critically, Lewis utilizes these special familial connections to show how childish human love can change into loathe. In rundown Till We Have Faces is a re-recounting the Greek legendary story of Cupid/Eros and Psyche. In Lewis’s re-recounting to the story is reproduced through the eyes of Orual who is spoken to as ugly and desirous and remarkably displeased by the Gods’ abuse of her. Mind, the delightful sister is the item to Orual’s expressions of love. In this re-telling Lewis intentionally confuses familial love in that Orual’s love for her sister is fanatical. On the opposite side of the range, Redival’s love for Orual is false and the affection for Psyche by King Trom is self-tricky. Fox’s love for Orual and Psyche is likewise transient. Lewis additionally wanders into sexual/suggestive love which is multifaceted in Till We Have Faces. Orual’s love for Bardia is lonely, Ansit’s love for Bardia is disappointing and obviously there is the shallow fixation of men for Orual in her hidden condition. Lewis additionally makes careful arrangements to exhibit that self esteem is ruinous in introducing duality in Orual who cherishes and loathes herself at the same time. This duality is narrow minded and harming simultaneously. Most importantly in any case, the accentuation is on divine love and certain in this re-telling is a change from Greek Philosophical occasions to present day Christianity. (Hooper, 1996, 250) Father Peter Milward composes of Till We Have Faces: â€Å"The fundamental subjects are, (1) Natural friendship, whenever left to simple nature, effectively turns into a unique sort of contempt, (2) God is, to our characteristic expressions of love, a definitive object of desire. † (Hooper, 1996, 250) Psyche as recreated by Lewis has a characteristic inclination for love for godliness though Psyche’s love for heavenly nature harmonizes with Orual’s love for mankind especially her affection for Psyche. While Psyche’s love for the divine beings are as a matter of first importance in her heart, Orual’s love for Psyche starts things out and every sister sees her adoration as the regular love. For Orual Psyche speaks to â€Å"the start of my [Orual’s] delights. † (Lewis, 20) On the other hand, Psyche infers her most prominent at a time not long before she is yielded to Cupid as it is a methods for bringing her closer tot he divine beings. (Lewis, 74) Orual’s love for Psyche anyway is adjusted to contempt and turns into a methods by which Lewis shows the shallow idea of human love whether familial or sentimental in nature. Orual’s supposed love and fondness for her sister vacillates from affection to abhor in a way which can just leave the feeling that the adoration is fickly in any case and not founded on sound standards or qualities. For example the prior night Psyche is yielded Orual uncovers that her sister has â€Å"made me, as it were, irate. † (Lewis, 71) Moreover the next day, Orual dreams her sister â€Å"was my [Orual’s] most noteworthy adversary. † (Lewis, 71) The rest of the initial segment of Till We Have Faces is portrayed by this lord of vacillations of Orual’s expressions of love for her sister. The irregularities are not lost on Psyche who watches: â€Å"I am uncertain about whether I like your sort [of love] superior to scorn. † (Lewis, 165) Superimposed in this part of human love as outlined through Lewis’s Orual is the harming components of human love whether sentimental or familial. Orual’s love for her sister is portrayed by two lethal blemishes. First she adores her sister so that she effectively permits it to fall into scorn. Furthermore, Orual grants her disdain to bounce back to the divine beings. The affection detest situation from Orual to Psyche is associated with the divine beings to the degree that Orual licenses her adoration for Psyche to get possessive. That possessive love goes to a hazardous desire which is a result of the assumption that Psyche adores the divine beings to the avoidance of Orual who thusly considers the divine beings responsible for taking Psyche’s love from her. Orual’s envy is solid to such an extent that she’d preferably the divine beings had murdered her sister over made her interminable. She mourns: â€Å"We’d preferably they were our own and dead over yours and made undying. † (Lewis, 291) Psyche’s love for the divine beings is deciphered by Orual as a robbery by the divine beings. In her mind the divine beings took Psyche’s love from her and she says so a lot, â€Å"Psyche was mine and nobody else reserved any privilege to her. †(Lewis, 291-292) Lewis goal regarding Orual’s response to Psyche and her warmth for the divine beings were explicitly outlined in a letter he sent to Katerine Farrer. Lewis clarifies in the letter that Orual’s envy and demeanor toward her sister’s relationship with the God was expected to pass on the normal response of relatives when a relative gives his life to Christianity. Lewis clarified in the letter that the response of relatives is epitomized by Orual’s when: â€Å"someone turns into a Christian, or in a family ostensibly Christian as of now, accomplishes something like become a minister or enter a strict request. The others endure a feeling of shock. What they love is being detracted from them. † (Hooper, 249) as such Orual’s anxiety with the divine beings discovers its place in the sort of desire that one relative encounters when it appears to them that a friend or family member religion replaces them. Similarly Orual’s harshness comes from an envy which is established on adoration. The foolish and childish nature of human love is likewise concisely represented through Orual. In Lewis’s portrayal of Orual she progressively buys in to the idea that in the event that she can’t have her sister, at that point she won't license any other person have her. Orual persuades Psyche to view her sweetheart, regardless of his notice in actuality. From her perspective Orual sees that she is sparing Psyche and to demonstrate her expectation she cuts her arm. The risk of Orual’s love and the perilous way in which her adoration for her sister impacts her reasoning and discernment are uncovered in the accompanying passage from Till We Have Faces: â€Å"How would she be able to detest me, when my arm throbbed and copied with the injury I had given it for her affection? † (Lewis, 169) Ironically, the divine beings whose adoration Orual censures intently reflects Orual’s thought of affection which is self-serving and devouring. It isn't until the novel approaches its decision that Orual goes to the acknowledgment that how love was secured by insatiability and smugness. Along these lines Lewis can uncover the shallow idea of human love. This is at last achieved with Orual dealing with and tolerating that her longing to have Psyche, the Fox and Bardia all to herself was altogether off-base. Lewis utilizes Ansit to voice the significance of genuine or perfect love by having him give a concise critique on Orual’s love. Ansit, alluding to Orual’s quest for Bardia takes note of that: â€Å"He was to carry on with the existence he however best and fittest for an extraordinary manâ€not that which would most joy me. † (Lewis, 264)

The Legal Dissolution of a Marriage - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 981 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Divorce Essay Did you like this example? Divorce is known to be a legal dissolution of a marriage by a court order or any legal body. It divides a families social financial and emotional well being. It is a situation that calls for much attention because it is not something to celebrate about, therefore, it should not be the solution to a failed marriage. Divorce is not the solution to failed marriages because, it has its drawbacks, which include; it has a negative effect on a couples psychological health, this includes depression unhappiness and anxiety. A divorced couple is likely to face all or some of the three mentioned. The couples involved could think that probably that was not the best decision to make, bringing about regret. Some may resolve for alcohol as a way to curb the stress that they are facing. This does not only affect the couple, but the children of such a couple may fall into a depression due to the splitting of the parents. The children might have never seen their parents live different lives and so such a situation puts them into too much thought and worry that could bring about depression or even suicide in some extreme cases. There is a high chance of such children to have doubt in marriage since they may fear to commit to their spouses since they may have the mentality that the same thing would happen to them also. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Legal Dissolution of a Marriage" essay for you Create order It also brings about raising of children by a single parent, this could be a challenge in a case where a parent does not have enough to provide for the child, for example, a child that once lived with both parents and had a luxurious kind of life, starts lacking school fees and many other luxurious things they ones received. This will impact on the childs well being in terms of social life and even their academic performance in school. Children need to be raised by both parents since each parent has a responsibility on their child, for example, a male child needs to get some advice from the father as they grow on the various issues that affect men and how to deal with them. If such a child faces the divorce situation and starts living with the mother alone, they may miss out on some things that are crucial in the male growth stages that the mother may not tell the child. Similarly, when a female child faces a divorce situation and they are faced to live with the father, this child m ay lack some female advice that would have been given to her by the mother if she were present. This may have an impact on the childs tomorrow life. Divorce can result in school dropouts, teenage pregnancy and an increase in crime rate. Children of divorced parents tend to start involving themselves in sexual practices, taking of drugs and such behaviors due to the feeling of being ignored, lack of attention. Children may opt for this kind of behavior since they also feel that life has been unfair to them since they start noticing some of this changes and tend to seek comfort in immoral behaviors. Some find themselves in such situations because maybe the parent that is left responsible is not really taking good care of the kids. Divorce has its better side in that; it brings about some sense of freedom in that one is able to restart their life without the other partner. A divorced person can have enough time to develop their personal skills that will help them work towards a better quality of life for themselves and their children. A child that experiences divorce may develop faster and be more responsible. Such children may now feel some relief especially if they have been separated from the parent that was more violent, they are able to do their things well and have a good growth. It may also be appropriate in a situation where the party faces physical abuse or even emotional abuse. Some couples tend to be very violent to their significant other bringing about fights always. This is not a good picture being possed to the children and even the couple themselves, the party that suffers the abuse may even develop the fear for the other gender that may last a very long time, and so in such a case divorce would be the best solution to such a couple. Children of such a couple may develop a fear of the partner that causes the abuse and this may last a long time in the childrens memory. Couples react differently to situations, and you may find that some couples are insecure with each other, to the extent that they cannot even go out and meet their friends and socialize, this makes them just revolve their life around those that they live with. This state makes the couple not be in a position to know other people, in the case of a woman; they may just be busy with house chores from time to time and even not be in a position to take care of themselves. So divorce would help such a lady be in a position to realize herself and love herself more, this may end up giving her openings and chances to explore herself in ways and things she never knew she had interest and abilities in. In conclusion, when marriage fails to work, there are better solutions to the situation that include guidance and counseling, where couples get the chance to be guided by another party on how to solve their differences. They can also settle for reconciliation where they talk through their issues, forgive each other, and have their marriage continue. Attending marital mentorship programs that can help each them realize their mistakes each on their own, after they have heard from other people of how they deal with their marital problems.

Introduction. Anterograde Amnesia Is The Inability To Form

Introduction Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories, while keeping old memories intact. People who suffer from this impairment, are unable to encode new memories into long-term memory but are able to keep them in short term. The movie Fifty First Dates portrays this type of amnesia accurately and inaccurately. The main protagonists of Fifty First Dates are Lucy, played by Drew Barrymore, and Henry, played by Adam Sandler. Lucy suffers from anterograde amnesia due to brain damage. For the most part, the movie is accurate to the impairment and is almost exactly the same as the impairment patients suffer from. Plot of Fifty First Dates In the movie Fifty First Dates Lucy has permanent brain damage due to a car accident.†¦show more content†¦Procedural memory is usually memories associated with muscle memory where her body remembers it even if she does not. This is also true to the type of amnesia. She even dreams about Adam Sandler’s character even though she is not sure how she knows him. Somehow, her encounters with him are encoded even though she doesn’t remember them explicitly. A Real Life Example: FL and Similarities from the Movie What is most interesting is that the movie seems to be based off of a real incident. Smith et. al (2010) wrote about a special case of a patient named FL. She was in a car accident in 2005 and reported difficulty retaining information from one day to the next. She describes her memory as unaffected over the course of the day but when she falls asleep, the memory for each day disappears. FL also, is able to recall things from before her accident. Lucy, a fictional character created for a movie, shares many things in common with FL, thus showing that the film is accurate to the disorder. It also is interesting to know that FL like Lucy was somehow able to remember something’s. According to Smith et. al (2010), â€Å"For some tests, unbeknownst to FL, material learned on the previous day was intermixed with material learned on the same day as the test.† In other words, FL sometimes mixed in previously learned material that she did not recall learning due to her impairment with material that she learned that day. This idea of intermixing material was also accurateShow MoreRelatedThe Neurology of Memory Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe Neurology of Memory Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia Introduction Memory is defined as â€Å"the mental capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information† (American Psychological Association, 2002). It is a part of the means by which humans function. The process of forming and recalling memories involves various complex neurological processes and disruptions to these processes can result in loss of memory or the inability to form new memories. Amnesia is a memory disorder, in which, due toRead MoreThe Effects Of Anterograde Amnesia And Its Diagnostic Criteria2724 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Anterograde amnesia is a common and distinguished neurological disorder in the psychological and neurobiological field. Media depictions of this neuropsychological disorder are not as common as other forms of amnesia, but it is still incorrectly portrayed. Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to retain new information, while still having intact memories that occurred before brain damage (Carlson, 2014). There have been several studies that focus on anterograde amnesia and itsRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Memory Loss1246 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Amnesia is a mental illness that refers to memory loss. The cause for the memory loss can be due to several factors. The memory loss could be due to emotionally disturbing events; memory loss can also be cause of physical harm usually to the cephalic region. The disease also interrupts the normal everyday functioning of a person suffering amnesia. An individual may still be able to carry out certain activities despite the amnesia. Fortunately, there are diverse ways to treat amnesiaRead MoreHow Many Different Types of Memory System Are There? Illustrate Your Answer with Examples of the Kinds of Information Which Each System Stores1573 Words   |  7 Pagesthat STM and LTM are two different and separate stores (McLeod, 2008). Research on patients suffering from amnesia also support the multi-store model (Groome, 2006). One classic case is reported by Corkin (1968) about a patient HM who suffered from anterograde amnesia – He was unable to form new memories and lost part of his existing memories (Groome, 2006). However, despite his inability to create new memories, he was still able to have a conversation thus indicating that his STM processes wereRead MorePiaget2552 Words   |  11 Pagesexperience. Operations can be thought of as interiorized actions. Interiorization is the process by which adaptive actions become increasingly covert rather than overt. (Olson amp; Hergenhahn, 2009) The use of formal operations characterizes the highest form of intellectual development. Donald Olding Hebb Restricted Environment Restricted environment has potentially disabling effects on early learning and development of the nervous system. Von Senden, a German ophthalmologist, studied people born

At The Heart Of Kellman’S Argument, He Attributes Three

At the heart of Kellman’s argument, he attributes three responsibilities opening lines must undertake; the first being that it must be attention grabbing. All writers are taught or told this at one time or another. If the beginning of a text is not engaging, the reader will likely put it down. That is simple enough, but not quite adequate to give opening lines the power they hold. He states they must represent a corporation, which I interpret to mean they must embody the text as a unified whole. When applied to the opening of The Great Gatsby, this makes sense. Not only does the narrator, Nick Carraway, go against his father’s warnings of criticizing others, whenever describing other characters or situations, he only shows the world around†¦show more content†¦Examples of these texts which come to mind are most Shakespeare plays which set the stage for the audience to understand what they are about to see. Richardson then moves to Realism, in which stories are led by external narrators who attempt to tell the story without artistic language or omnipotent knowledge, a style which became popular in the late 19th century. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer employs this style with its no-nonsense beginning in which the title character is caught stealing jam by his aunt. He explains that modernist texts begin right in the middle of a seemingly nonchalant situation or activity. Jane Eyre starts this way with the statement â€Å"There was no possibility of taking a walk that day† (Brontà «). Finally, Richardson discusses postmodernism, whose texts often begin paradoxically (Richardson, 3-5). The Crying of Lot 49 by Thomas Pynchon comes to mind, which begins with long sentences which occasionally double back on one another with conflicting information. It is important to understand these types of opening lines when thinking about narrative beginnings because they are strategies still used by various writers today, and most likely well into the future. When studying these opening lines and how they work, a reader can get a sense of the rest of the beginning, and perhaps even the entire novel. Learning about opening lines is especially essential for writers so that they may understand

Accounting tax Calculating Capital Gains

Question: Discuss about the Accounting tax for Calculating Capital Gains. Answer The capital gain can be said as an increase in the amount of capital asset or investment that provides a higher value than the purchased price. The profit is not calculated until the asset is sold. The capital gain can be calculated by using one of the three methods as mentioned. Discount method is the first method which can be applied after 1 year before the commencement of the capital gain tax event. Method of indexation is the other process. The indexation method can be applied for calculating capital gain if a capital gain tax happened to an asset which was acquired before 11.45 am as per the legal time in the ACT, on 21st September. The asset should be owned for 12 months or more. The process of residual is the last and final method for calculating capital gain. The method can be used for any asset if it is kept for less than 12months. By following these three methods only, the estimation of capital gain tax can be done. There are some items which are excluded while calculating the profit and loss of capital gain assets. The things are: The properties which are brought before 20th September, 1985 are to be excluded from profit acquired by selling of capital assets and the assets are- automobiles, amount spent on repairing harms, family land selling and any articles which he has bought for 500 dollars or less than that Set off and carrying onwards of harms which are acquired from capital gain Long term capital loss- the loss can be found against long term capital gains. For this objective, any other set off cannot be used. It can be taken forward for many years. Only against the long term capital loss it can be applied. Short term capital loss- this method can be used on the long term capital loss or in the same short term capital loss. It can be often used for many assessment years in future. It can be applicable for both the short term gain and long term gain. (A)The question provides information about a man, Mr. Dave Solomon. This man has been living there for more than 30 years in a two floor building. For 70, 000 dollars he bought the building. The building was sold by him at about 8, 50, 000 dollars in the same year on 27th June. The house was actually sold at an auction. The buyer at first gave an advance amount of 85, 000 dollars for buying the house. Later on, when he purchased the house, he came to realize that he has lost all his savings and then he denied to purchase the building. Hence, the amount taken is considered as secured money for that building. So, it can be observed that the amount which he got is referred to as income generated from different sources. Calculation of capital gain determination of capital gain amount of selling the house 8, 65, 000 dollars this amount has been excluded as seen from the definition of the CST I.E Family home exemptions Calculated Long Term Caital Gain Nil (B) A picture of pro- Hart was bought at an amount of 15,000 dollars on 20th September, 1985. The same piece of portrait was given for sale for about 1, 25, 000 dollars. So, the capital gain can be calculated as: Price of selling 1, 25, 000 dollars Deduced value: recorded cost of purchase 15,000*123.4/71.3 25,961 dollars EstimatedLong Term Capital Gain 150,961 dollars (C) An expensive motor car was bought with an amount of 1, 10, 000 dollars in the late 2004. In the same current year, the car was purchased by a local boat broker at an amount of 60, 000 dollars on 1st June. Hence, for this case the capital gain can be calculated as: Selling price 60, 000 dollars Deduced amount: recorded cost of purchase 1, 10, 000 dollars Calculated Long Term Capital Loss 50,000 dollars (D) A parcel of shares was sold by him to a newly formed mining organization foe the cost of about 80, 000 dollars, on 5th June of the same financial year. He bought those shares at an amount of 75, 000 dollars on 10th January on the same year. He has to give interest on the loan of amount 5, 000 dollars. He gave 750 dollars as the brokerage amount for purchasing these shares and he paid 250 dollars as stamp duty fees for purchasing the shares. As illustrated in the income tax law, giving interest on the amount of loan is not taken under as part of the acquisition. So, the interest on the amount of loan has not been involved. Part- A So, capital gain for this case is: Sale operation amounts 80, 000 dollars Deducted: Brokerage amount 750 dollars Deducted: Prices of acquisition 250 dollars Deducted: Stamp duty fees 250 dollars Calculated Short Term Capital Loss 4,000 dollars So, capital gain calculated for the following year is: By selling the residential land, the long term capital gain found to be as NIL dollars The long term capital gain calculated by selling of the portrait is 1, 50, 000 dollars The long term capital gain estimated by selling it to Boat is 50, 000 dollars Short term capital gain calculated by selling all shares is 4, 000 dollars CalculatedLong Term Capital Gain 1, 04, 961 dollars At the last of the year, which is 30th June of the earlier year, the tax return value for Mr. Dave gives that 10, 000 dollars were his total capital loss after selling all the shares. So, it can be added to the years long term capital gain. So, for the following year average long term capital gain can be calculated as 1, 04, 961 dollars 10, 000 dollars= 94, 961 dollars Part- B The net capital gain is a total gain of a year, excluding total capital loss and any capital gain tax discount. Capital gain tax is covered under an assessable income of an assess and the profit which he got be selling of the capital assets he should pay the tax in that year only. So, it was observed that Mr. Dave gained profits. He had to maintain documents of all the transactions and expenses he had made. All the costs like interest on loans, litigation fees and brokerage fees are to be maintained. Part- C The total capital loss, including loss of previous year minus total capital gains. No time limit is there for taking it onward the net capital loss. In this case, if Dave does not have any positive capital gain then he will have to sell his assets or take loan for paying his personal superannuation funds. He will have to bought a residence in city on rent and have to eliminate tax- free money from his own superannuation fund, when he will attain 60 years of age in next year August. First part A bathtub producing company, named as Periwinke Pty. Ltd. is also involved in selling the bathtubs. His company gave Emma a car on 1st May, 2005 as because her work is more laborious and she had to travel everywhere. The car can be used for personal purposes also. For months, 1st May 2015 to 31st March, 2016 she utilized her car for covering distance of 10, 000 kilometers. She gave 550 dollars for repairing. The car was placed at the airport for about ten days. The car remained untouched for about 5 days. Company provided 5, 00, 000 dollars loan to Emma on 1st September with an interest rate of 4.45%. with that money she purchased a holiday home worth 4, 50, 000 dollars and rest of the amount she gave to her husband for his use. So, it can be said that, Emma bought the bathtub at 13, 000 dollars which was sold to general public at 2600 dollars. Fringe benefit tax- This tax is paid by employers on the benefits they provide to their employees which includes benefits to their family members nad salary packages. It is entirely different from the income tax. Some things are excluded in this tax rule which are- Loans Monet spent on work Car profit provided by company Housing allowance Fringe benefit tax are associated to loans, costs, transportation costs and others. The car if provided to an employee for about less than three months, the fringe benefit tax cannot be determined. Emma is also bound to pay the taxes. The car is assumed to be in use if not found in the employees house. Fringe benefit tax can be estimated by using two ways- Cost basis method Statutory formula application As per the question, Common value of the car 33, 000 dollars Number of days the car gave the tax= 335- 5= 3 dollars Taxable value $33000*20%*330/365 5,967 dollars Less amount acquired by Emma 550 dollars FRINGE BENEFIT TAX 5,417 dollars Treatment Of Loan Provided By Employer to Employee at a Lower Rate of interest The fringe benefit taxes will only be applicable if the organization will be providing the employee loan at small interest rate. If the employee gets loan at a very low interest rate or at a value which is lower than benchmark then, in that case the fringe benefit tax can be calculated as: The benchmark rate of interest is found to be 5.95% but the organization gave the loan at an interest of about 4.45%. So, fringe benefit tax is estimated as: 5,00,000* 1.50% = $7,500 As seen Emma used her some amount of money in purchasing home and remaining was given to her husband. Emma obtained 4, 50, 000 dollars for doing works related to house and so, the taxable value comes to the same as 7, 500 dollars. Part- B Later, if Emma utilizes her whole money in doing her personal works. She spends it on purchasing property with an amount of 4, 50, 000 dollars and buying the shares at 50, 000 dollars. Fringe benefit tax is found to be: 1. The taxable data of the fringe loan profit without the other deducted value $7,5005,00,000*1.50% 2. Assume that the loan was interest-free and neglect any interest charged $29,750$5,00,000*5.95% 3. Now when the employee paid same amount of taxable value as that of given interest$ 29,750*10/100 $2,975 4. Now look at the main situation if employee is being asked forcibly to pay interest on loan$5,00,000*4.45%*10% of $2,225 5. Subtract iii-iv $2,975-$2,225 = $750 6. Taxable value i-v 7500-750 $6,750 Debt waiver fringe benefit As seen from the case provided, Emma purchased a bathtub at a cost of about 1, 300 dollars which was to be sold to other publics at 2, 600 dollars. So, as calculated the differing value is- 2600 dollars- 1300 dollars= 1300 dollars. 1300 dollars is the fringe benefit liability. References Athanasiou, A., 2015. Acounting for tax: To deal or not to deal at arm's length. Calculating and paying capital gains tax. [online] Help and guidance. Available at: https://learn.nab.com.au/calculating-and-paying-capital-gains-tax/ [Accessed 19 May 2016]. Calculating Capital Gains Tax - the basics for Australian investors | deListed Australia. [online] Delisted.com.au. Available at: https://www.delisted.com.au/capital-gains-tax/basics [Accessed 19 May 2016]. Capital gains tax | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Ato.gov.au. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/ [Accessed 19 May 2016].Capital gains tax. [Canberra]: Australian Taxation Office. Dixon, J.M. and Nassios, J., 2016. Modelling the Impacts of a Cut to Company Tax in Australia (No. g-260). Victoria University, Centre of Policy Studies/IMPACT Centre.Emery, J. (2016). Decoding the Regulatory Enigma: How Australian Regulators Should Respond to the Tax Challenges Presented by Bitcoin. Tax and Transfer Policy Institute Working Paper-1/2016. Geljic, S., Koustas, H. and Burke, D., 2016. Small business restructure roll-over. Taxation in Australia, 50(7), p.404.Global Property Guide. 2016. Australia capital gains tax rates, and property income tax. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Pacific/Australia/Taxes-and-Costs. [Accessed 19 May 2016]. Hulse, K. and Burke, T., 2015. Private rental housing in Australia: Political inertia and market change. Housing in 21st-Century Australia: People, Practices and Policies, p.139. J., 2011. Tax for Australians for dummies. Richmond, Vic.: John Wiley Sons Australia Jin, L., n.d.Capital Gain Tax Overhang and Price Pressure. SSRN Electronic Journal. McClure, R., Lanis, R. and Govendir, B., 2016. Analysis of Tax Avoidance Strategies of Top Foreign Multinationals Operating in Australia: An Expose. T., J., 1959. Capital Gain. Science, 129(3363), pp.1583-1583. The taxation of capital gains . 2016. The taxation of capital gains . [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.taxpayer.com.au/KnowledgeBase/10080/Individuals-Tax-Super/Capital_gains. [Accessed 19 May 2016]

Young offenders and the Criminal Justice System

Table of Contents Introduction Juvenile justice system Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The human civilization has from ancient times acknowledged the fact that the children are the future of the present civilization. Our modern era also believes in this ideology. This being the case, our society has always strived to ensure that children and the youth are given the best opportunity to excel.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Young offenders and the Criminal Justice System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, despite all the good intention of the society, there are still a number of children and youth who continue to be on the wrong side of the law. Cole and Smith note that this increase in juvenile deliquescence is as a result of social, economic and other factors prevalent in this era (13). Policy makes have taken care to ensure that these troubled children are not left behind in the quest for a brighter future for all the children. Measures have been taken to ensure that the troubled children who are charged with offences are afforded a chance to rectify their mistakes and become respectable citizens through rehabilitation programs. This has been through the implementation of juvenile justice systems which have been characterized by their correctional as opposed to punishment role. Despite the presence of a functional juvenile justice system in the country, there has been a marked increase in crime rates among children and youths. As a result of this rising rates of crime amongst youths, policy makers have pushed for the increased transfer of juvenile offenders to criminal courts for adult prosecution. This is a move that is hailed by some as being the best manner to reduce juvenile crimes and therefore safeguard the society’s peace. However, there are opponents to these waivers who suggest that such moves result in the reduction in chances of rehabilitation for the juvenile offenders. This paper argues that juveniles should not be waived to adult courts unless they commit heinous crimes such as murder. To reinforce this assertion, this study will perform a critical analysis of the various arguments presented both for and against transferring juveniles to adult courts. A brief overview of the juvenile court system will also be offered to act as a background for the paper. Juvenile justice system The Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century led to a mushrooming of urban settlements and the number of children living in cities rapidly increased (Sims and Preston 46). Juvenile delinquency became an issue in many cities and the welfare of the urban children became a primary concern. The introduction of a separate system of justice for children borrowed heavily from the ideas proposed by the 18th Century English lawyer, William Blackstone (Yeckel 331).Advertising Looking for term paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Blackstone aimed at categorizing people based on their ages and thus drawing a line between the age where one could be held accountable for their actions and an age where one was absolved from any crime committed. To a large extent, the earlier advocates of juvenile systems considered themselves to be on a humanitarian mission championing the rights of the children. The major difference between the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system was that juvenile courts aimed to rehabilitate rather than punish. Core to the courts principles was the mission to help troubled children. This benevolent nature of the system led to an informal and non adversarial approach that was not entangled in the procedural rules and formalities that characterized the criminal court systems. Sim and Preston assert that this open nature was all in line with the ultimate goal of the courts which was to guide the young offender towards life as a res ponsible and law-abiding adult (48). The lack of well defined procedures meant that the juvenile court could take extra-legal factors in deciding on how to handle a case. The primary argument by the proponents of automatic judicial waiver of juvenile court jurisdiction is as a result of the increased juvenile crime and violence. While it is true that juvenile crimes are markedly higher that they were in the previous decades, the same can be said about adult crimes. Allard and Young assert that there is no evidence that young people have become disproportionately more crime prone or dangerous at that than the rest of the population (8). Arguably, the alleged increase in juvenile crime is simply a function of population growth which is not only natural but to be expected. Allard and Young go on to demonstrate that the juvenile arrests for serious violent crimes have remained fairly average over the last 30 years (7). The underlying philosophy behind transferring juveniles to the crimi nal justice system is that more severe punishment even if at the expense of rehabilitation will result in reduced crime rates and therefore increase the public safety. However, studies indicate that juvenile offenders in the adult system are more likely to re-offend or commit more serious subsequent offenses than those who remain in the juvenile system (Allard Young 4). Youths and young offenders should not be prosecuted through the criminal justice system unless they commit major crimes such as murder. Instead they should be prosecuted through the juvenile justice system.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Young offenders and the Criminal Justice System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is attributed to the fact that juvenile courts are predisposed to have the best interest of the children or youths in consideration and offer some form of defense and rehabilitation for the children in juvenile facilities . As such, the underlying goal of the juvenile system is to guide the young offender towards life as a responsible and law-abiding adult (Sim and Preston 56). The arguments on juveniles raised by policy markers in the late 1800s resulted in a consensus that juveniles were developmentally inferior compared to adults and as such, juveniles would no longer be held criminally responsible for their actions (Feld 19; Bakken 14). However, while this attribute of benevolence is hailed by many proponents of the juvenile system, these benign actions have resulted in the lack of accountability for their actions by the youths. Waivers can offset this condition since as Feld comments: The rehabilitative ideal has minimized the significance of the offenses as a dispositional criterion. The emphasis on the â€Å"best interests of the child† has weakened the connection between what a person does and the consequences of that act on the theory that the act is at best only symptomatic of real n eeds. (Bakken 13). This argument suggests that the treatment of youths in the juvenile system does not lead to the offender feeling accountable for his/her crimes therefore resulting in a lack of liability. This is as opposed to the adult system in which one is held accountable for their crimes and made to pay for them to the maximum extent permissible by the law. In addition, proponents of the waiver to prosecute the youth in the criminal justice system assert that one of the goals for transferring juvenile offenders to the adult criminal courts is to deter them from taking part in criminal activities in future. However, a research carried out by Donna Bishop in 1996 to highlight the differences in outcomes of juvenile courts compared to the criminal courts on youths showed that juvenile offenders who were transferred to the adult courts received more severe sentences than their counterparts in the juvenile system. In addition to this, the findings showed that the transferred youth had higher re-arrest rates (54%) compared with 32% for the youths dealt with by the juvenile courts ( Rosenheim 87).Advertising Looking for term paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In light of such findings, advocates of the juvenile court systems argue that the taking up of waiving as a means to reduce future crimes is a faulty policy. While the juvenile system may not be flawless, these findings demonstrate that the system has not altogether failed and should therefore be experimented with further. To further reinforce this argument, Watt, Howells and Delfabbro use Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory to explain why individuals commit crimes (150). In this theory, Freud believes that all humans have underlying desires. As such, it is only through socialization that these urges can be controlled. Therefore, a person with poor social skills develops a personality disorder which forces him/her to exhibit antisocial tendencies. Those that bring out these tendencies become criminals while those who suppress them become neurotics. This theory is therefore a proponent to the fact that criminals are social misfits trying to compensate for their weaknesses. B earing this in mind, taking young offenders through the criminal justice system does not help them change but instead, makes them more antisocial thereby increasing their chances of committing more serious offences. As Fisher reiterates, the acts of violence exhibited by youths and young offenders are triggered by their need to empower themselves in a society that constantly undermines them (109). Therefore, the solution should not be prosecuting them but rather, to find solutions to factors that lead them into committing crime. To further support his argument as a proponent of youth prosecutions in the criminal justice system, Bakken states that juveniles are capable of hideous crimes as was demonstrated in the Kent v. United States case. A 16 year old, Morris A. Kent was charged with breaking into a woman’s apartment, robbing her and raping her (6). The juvenile court system is evidently not equipped to deal with such kind of violent crimes as its sentencing does not includ e life imprisonment or even the death penalty. Bakken acknowledges that it is cases such as this that make juvenile transfer not only desirable but necessary so as to enable the offender to be tried on criminal charges (7). The waiving system presents a mode through which these malicious offenders can be kept away from the society therefore preserving social harmony. Without waivers, crimes such as those committed by Kent would only be punished marginally and the offender would be free to rejoin the society after only a few years of incarceration. However, Watt, Howells and Delfabbro disagree with this argument by using the interactionist theory of crime causation which asserts that an individual’s interaction with criminals may psychologically influence him/her to commit crime (147). The theory proposes that the chances of an individual committing crime as a result of peer pressure are significantly high. According to Fisher, constant interactions with criminals play a centr al role in the development of criminal behaviors (105). The author states that from these associations, individuals are influenced into committing crime and becoming notorious criminals. This theory proposes that a petty offender can become a hardcore criminal through the association with criminals. It assumes that from such interactions, an individual learns how to think, act and react to different situations like a criminal. As such, imprisoning young offenders may invariably make them worse than they were before getting into the system. To this regard, Watt Howells Delfabbro propose a more positive approach whereby young petty offenders are enrolled in the juvenile justice system where there are positive reinforcement programs that may help them change their behaviors (143). However, Gaines and Miller argue that criminal convictions carry with them a certain stigma as a person is marked as a felon for the rest of their lives (62). The authors suggest that this â€Å"stigmatizat ion† by the society is in fact healthy as it also adds to the deterrence factor since people do not want to be viewed as social misfits. The juvenile court system is structured in such a way that these long-term consequences to the offender are not present. In as much as this statement holds true, adult conviction also results in some socioeconomic consequences such as the person being compelled to report their conviction on job application or being barred from particular types of jobs. These factors have serious psychological effects on an individual. For example, no matter how much an individual is trying to change his/her ways, the criminal records and the social limitations associated with them will never go away. As such, these realities often foster feelings of frustration and other antisocial tendencies. These are key factors that may lead an individual into causing crime as a means of acting-out. These bleak realities further support the statement that youth offenders should not be go through the criminal justice system and that other alternatives should be found. The rationale behind the establishment of the juvenile system was to protect the interests of the children who were deemed as being less liable than adults since they were morally and emotionally less developed (Rosenheim 91). This almost paternal view is the main difference between juvenile courts and criminal courts whereby the juvenile courts emphasis on the â€Å"best interests† of the violators. By indiscriminately waiving juvenile offenders to the adult court system, the criminal justice system will have failed in its initial goal which was to protect the interest of young offenders and hopefully rehabilitate them into useful members of the society. However, it can be argued that the juvenile system was established in an era when the capability and emotional intelligence of the youth developed at a fairly slower pace. In the modern era, children are exposed to all kinds of information which result in greater understanding. As such, the laws should be amended to accommodate these new realities. Conclusion This study set out to argue that juveniles should not be waived to adult courts. To underscore this point, the paper has performed a brief overview of the juvenile system in America as well as an in-depth analysis of the arguments forwarded both for and against waivers. However, this paper has clearly demonstrated that there are other means through with juvenile criminality can be tackled. Considering the risk that waivers could results in the conversion of juvenile offenders into hardcore criminals, the evidence in this paper suggests that more intervention-based measures should be implemented to ensure that young offenders do not get into the criminal justice system unless they commit heinous crimes. Works Cited Allard, Patricia and Malcolm Young. Prosecuting Juveniles in Adult Court: Perspectives for Policymakers and Practitioners, 2002. Web. http: //www.njjn.org/ Bakken, Nicholas. (2007). You do the Crime, You do the Time: A Socio-Legal History of the Juvenile Court and Transfer Waivers, 2002. Web. Burrow, John. (2005). Punishing Serious Juvenile Offenders: A Case Study of Michigan’s Prosecutorial Waiver Status, 2002. Web. https://jjlp.law.ucdavis.edu/archives/vol-9-no-1/01_Burrow.pdf Cole, George and Cristopher Smith. The American System of Criminal Justice. New York : Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Fisher, Bonnie. â€Å"Crime Prevention.† Journal of Security Education 2.1 (2006): 103 – 111. Print. Gaines, Larry and Roger Miller. Criminal Justice in Action. New York: Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Rosenheim, Margaret. A Century of Juvenile Justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. Print. Sims, Barbara and Pamela Preston. Handbook of Juvenile Justice: Theory and Practice. California: CRC Press, 2006. Print. Watt, Bruce, Kevin Howells and Paul Delfabbro. (2004). â€Å"Juvenile Recidivism: Crimi nal Propensity, Social Control and Social Learning Theories.† Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 11.1 (2004): 141 – 153. Print. Yeckel, Josef. â€Å"Violent Juvenile Offenders: Rethinking Federal Intervention in Juvenile Justice.† Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 51 (1997): 331. Print. This term paper on Young offenders and the Criminal Justice System was written and submitted by user Akem1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Commensalism Definition, Examples, and Relationships

Commensalism Definition, Examples, and Relationships Commensalism is a type of relationship between two living organisms in which one organism benefits from the other without harming it. A commensal species benefits from another species by obtaining locomotion, shelter, food, or support from the host species, which (for the most part) neither benefits nor is harmed. Commensalism ranges from brief interactions between species to life-long symbiosis. Commensalism Definition The term was coined in 1876 by Belgian paleontologist and zoologist Pierre-Joseph van Beneden, along with the term mutualism. Beneden initially applied the word to describe the activity of carcass-eating animals that followed predators to eat their waste food. The word commensalism comes from the Latin word commensalis, which means sharing a table. Commensalism is most often discussed in the fields of ecology and biology, although the term extends to other sciences. Terms Related to Commensalism Commensalism is often confused with related words: Mutualism - Mutualism is a  relationship in which two organisms benefit from each other. Amensalism - A relationship in which one organism is harmed while the other is not affected. Parasitism - A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Theres often debate about whether a particular relationship is an example of commensalism or another type of interaction. For example, some scientists consider the relationship between people and gut bacteria to be an example of commensalism, while others believe it is mutualistic because humans may gain a benefit from the relationship. Examples of Commensalism Remora fish have a disk on their heads that makes them able to attach to larger animals, such as sharks, mantas, and whales. When the larger animal feeds, the remora detaches itself to eat the extra food.Nurse plants are larger plants that offer protection to seedlings from the weather and herbivores, giving them an opportunity to grow.Tree frogs use plants as protection.Golden jackals, once they have been expelled from a pack, will trail a tiger to feed on the remains of its kills.Goby fish live on other sea animals, changing color to blend in with the host, thus gaining protection from predators.Cattle egrets eat the insects stirred up by cattle when they are grazing. The cattle are unaffected, while the birds gain food.The burdock plant produces spiny seeds that cling to the fur of animals or clothing of humans. The plants rely on this method of seed dispersal for reproduction, while the animals are unaffected. Types of Commensalism (With Examples) Inquilinism - In inquilinism, one organism uses another for permanent housing. An example is a bird that lives in a tree hole. Sometimes epiphytic plants growing on trees are considered iniquilism, while others might consider this to be a parasitic relationship because the epiphyte might weaken the tree or take nutrients that would otherwise go to the host. Metabiosis - Metabiosis is a commensalistic relationship in which one organism forms a habitat for another. An example is a hermit crab, which uses a shell from a dead gastropod for protection. Another example would be maggots living on a dead organism. Phoresy - In phoresy, one animal attaches to another for transport. This type of commensalism is most often seen in arthropods, such as mites living on insects. Other examples include anemone attachment to hermit crab shells, pseudoscorpions living on mammals, and millipedes traveling on birds. Phoresy may be either obligate or facultative. Microbiota - Microbiota are commensal organisms that form communities within a host organism. An example is the bacterial flora found on human skin. Scientists disagree on whether microbiota is truly a type of commensalism. In the case of skin flora, for example, there is evidence the bacteria confer some protection on the host (which would be mutualism). Domesticated Animals and Commensalism Domestic dogs, cats, and other animals appear to have started out with commensal relationships with humans. In the case of the dog, DNA evidence indicates dogs associated themselves with people before humans switched from hunting-gathering to agriculture. Its believed the ancestors of dogs followed hunters to eat remains of carcasses. Over time, the relationship became mutualistic, where humans also benefited from the relationship, gaining defense from other predators and assistance tracking and killing prey. As the relationship changed, so did the characteristics of dogs. Reference:  Larson G (2012). Rethinking dog domestication by integrating genetics, archeology, and biogeography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109: 8878–83.

Muslim Women in Medieval Spain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Muslim Women in Medieval Spain - Essay Example wholly foreign race professing a strongly hostile religion took over the country, a totally alien language became the official tongue, a completely novel culture was imposed on the population. Entire sections of the peasantry and the urban à ©lite deserted their Catholic faith and embraced Islam. By the tenth century the territory called Al-Andalus was a country with a solid Muslim majority, and had become the single most powerful and civilized state in western Europe. The Moorish state was never so integrated or unified that it crushed out the cultures that had preceded it (Collins 43). None the less, Islamic culture itself became so imbedded in the Hispanic mentality that it ceased to be alien and became an ineffaceable and authentic part of peninsular history. In Medieval Spain women obtained an important role and had more rights and freedoms in contrast to Christian women and their position in society. In Medieval Spain, the subjected Christian population was usually treated with the limited religious tolerance customary to Islam. Occasional persecution was matched by outbreaks of religious zeal on the part of the conquered. Those who held fast to their faith were called Mozarabs, Christian in belief but Arabized in culture and language. Their numbers, however, shrank, and their faith itself became diluted with novel beliefs and heresies. Many were attracted by the higher quality of Islamic culture. The principal episcopal see, Toledo, once the Visigothic capital, found itself isolated as the sees of the Christian north freed themselves from its jurisdiction. Despite these drawbacks, Mozarabism remained a vitally important phenomenon (Carr 64). It represented a profound dialogue between Muslim and Christian civilization, and retained enough of an identity to prepare the way for an eventual re, conversion of the lands which the Muslims had made their own. Dillard (1993): â€Å"The settlement charters, drawn up by king or count to attract settlers who would defend

Zillow Revolution in Realty Estate Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zillow Revolution in Realty Estate - Case Study Example Zillow has 2.3% market shares with 4 million visitors per month. It uses Web 2.0 business model of Google and Network Television. Zillow makes money by the way of selling eyeballs and not by selling homes to buyers. On July 18th, 2006, Zillow landed a big deal with Yahoo to serve as a data point on Yahoo's real estate and search sites.[www.crunchbase.com] Moreover, Legg Mason Capital Management has invested $30 Millions in Zillow.com towards expansion of staff of 155 employees which includes 20 person national advertising sales team. In addition to Legg Mason, other institutions that have invested in Zillow.com are put down in the following table. From the above table it is evident that the corporate companies at a huge level are continuously funded Zillow.com. Zillow has stated that it is a media company and generates revenue from online advertising; however, it also holds real estate brokerage licenses in certain states. With such huge amount of funding, zillow has launched new features like Neighbourhood's, Discussions, and Personalized Home Page to foster social network to catch up with Trulia. It is evident from the above data that most of the online realtors are established much before than Zillow. Founded in 1973, Zillow gives a stiff competition to Realtor.com, whereas others are marginal ahead or behind. Just within a span of year, Zillow has been ranked 669th website most visited by the US citizens. Whereas, RE/MAX which has been founded much before Zillow is lagging behind at 740th whereas Trulia which started in 2005 is ranked at 1,160. Zillow captures eyeballs through advertisements for its earnings, which has made it successful in just 18 months from its launching period, has got 4.4 million unique users in the country, by August 2007. [http://moneycentral.msn.com] Zillow competes with Trulia, HomeGain, HouseValues, PropertyShark.com, RealEstate.com, Redfin, and others. It can be said that Zillow is facing competition from Google too. Because Google has the best keyword search, while latter has home search. Google is looking to solve the problems of local search, vertical search and personalized search. Zillow is the answer to local search, vertical search and personalized search. Real estate agents, who are concerned that their role may be diminished as more people rely on Zillow, statethat the site does not give an accurate reflection and that other factors must be taken into consideration in buying or selling a home. Realtors with specific market knowledge are more likely to know specific factors affecting the sale of a home such as the overall condition of the home, domestic issues such as divorce, job transfer pressures. Consumers have continued to rapidly change their behavior in the last 5

World Civilizations Essay Example for Free

World Civilizations Essay Alexander the Great. What types of qualities come to mind when you hear that name? An idealistic king? A brutal ant agonizer? Whichever trait you choose to describe Alexander the Great, one thing is for sure: he is one of the most perplexing great figure in out time. Alexander III of Macedon, more commonly referred to as Alexander the Great, was born in Pella, in July 356 B.C.E. At the age of 20 he became the king of Macedonia when his father, Phillip II of Macedon, was assassinated in 336 B. C. Among inheriting a strong kingdom and experienced army from his father, he was also awarded the generalship of Greece. But what was really important to Alexander was pursuing his fathers dream; the invasion of the Persian Empire. In 334 B.C.E., outfitted with an army of 37,000 men, he invaded the Persian-ruled Asia Minor, thus beginning a series of campaigns lasting ten years. Although Alexanders first confrontation with the Persians almost cost him his life, he pulled out with a victory and by the following spring, the entire western half of the Asia Minor was in his control. By breaking down the power of Persia into a series of crucial battles such as the battles of Gaugamela and Issus, he then overthrew the Persian King Darius III and eventually conquered the rest of the Persian Empire. While founding the first of many cities, such as Alexandria, remaining Egypt’s and the Mediterranean world’s most important city, he was also named pharaoh of Egypt itself. With his army demanding to turn back while marching east to conquer India, Alexander reluctantly turns around, leads them across southern Persia, only to have thousands of men succumb to death from the heat and dehydration. After arriving in Babylon with his remaining troops, Alexander continued planning more campaigns but exhausted from his wounds, fever and possibly excessive alcohol consumption died in 323 B.C.E. Alexander was made legendary as a classical hero in the mold of Achilles and is prominently in the history and myth of Greek and non-Greek cultures. REFERENCES: â€Å"Alexander the Great† (356-323 B.C.), Wikipedia

A look a Pratical Magic :: essays research papers

Practical Magic was released October 16, 1998. The story is about two sisters who break a curse that had been placed on their family for over 200 years, by their ancestor Maria. Throughout the movie the theme is magic. Practical Magic helps to break the false images placed on witches and magic throughout time, but at times, the movie, still upholds some of the negative views of witches. There are many stereotypes that are set upon modern witchcraft and magic in today’s society that Hollywood has helped to maintain. In society there are people that are the selected voice of the general public in critiquing movies. I will be looking at Practical Magic’s use of magic to see how they break or perpetuate the following stereotypes: physical appearance of a witch, the witch as an outcast, and the types of magic and how they were shown throughout the movie. When looking at the main characters: Sally, Gillian, Jet and Frances, the viewer will see different physical appearances of how Hollywood views the possible appearance of a witch A witch throughout history is usually a hag, old, poor, handicapped, or ugly (Guiley 371). In the movie, the Owens women are what most people would consider quite beautiful. They are just like normal people with the exception of the fact that they have a gift. The aunts: Jet and Frances in the movie would be considered to follow the typical stereotype of a witch that is old but even though they are typical old woman that lives on the outskirts of town they break the stereotypical medieval image of a witch being ugly and a hag but they also perpetuate other stereotypes by dressing in lavish 19th century clothing. Their style screams â€Å"I’m different†. The aunts seem to be aging quite well. They appear to look young for their age. In one scene, when the detective goes in to town to ask about t he Owens’ sisters, he gets an ear full about how the aunts don’t age. Many in the town believe this is due to the fact that they are witches. There is one more image of a witch portrayed in history. This image is from the other end of the spectrum. Instead of being a hag or ugly, she is beautiful and a seductive woman. Sally destroys the image of both of the stereotypes of what a witch looks like.

Audit Program Design Part Iii

Inventory and Warehousing Cycle The audit of the inventory and warehousing cycle is designed to test inventory counts, processes, and operations. The classes of transactions in this cycle include sales, value of inventory, cost of goods sold, sales returns and allowances, and estimates of allowance for slow moving inventory. Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of TransactionsTable WK6-1 displays the interrelationships of the transaction related to audit objectives, tests of controls, and substantive tests of transactions that should be approved during the audit process of Apollo Shoes, Inc. Table WK6-1. Inventory Warehousing Cycle Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions Audit Design (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006) Inventory – Apollo Shoes, Inc.Transaction-Related Audit Objectives – Tests of Controls – Substantive Tests of Transactions| Transaction-Related Audit Objective| Tests of Controls| Substantive Tests of Transactions| Inventory as r ecorded on tags exists (existence). | * Select a random sample of tag numbers and identify the tag with that number attached to the actual inventory. | * Observe whether movement of inventory takes place during the count. | Existing inventory is counted and tagged, and tags are accounted for to make sure none are missing (completeness). * Examine inventory to make sure it is tagged. | * Observe whether movement of inventory takes place during the count. * Inquire as to inventory in other locations. | Inventory is counted accurately (accuracy). | * Recount client’s counts to make sure the recorded counts are accurate on the tags (also check descriptions and unit of count, such as dozen or gross). * Compare physical counts with perpetual inventory master file. | * Record client’s counts for subsequent testing. Inventory is classified correctly on the tags (classification). |* Examine inventory descriptions on the tags and compare with the actual inventory for raw materia l, work-in-process, and finished goods. | * Evaluate whether the percent of completion recorded on the tags for work-in-process is reasonable. | Information is obtained to make sure sales and inventory purchases are recorded in the proper period (cutoff). | * Record in the audit files for subsequent follow-up the last receiving report number used at year-end. * Make sure the inventory for the above item was included in the physical count. | The client has rights to inventory recorded on tags (rights). | * Inquire about consignment or customer inventory included on client’s premises. | * Be alert for inventory that is set aside or specially marked as indications of non-ownership. | Analytical Procedures Analytical procedures can be performed several times during an engagement: * In the planning phase to assist in determining the nature, extent, and timing of work to be performed. During the testing phase of the audit in conjunction with the audit procedures, and * During the c ompletion phase of the audit as a final review for material misstatements for financial problems and to help the auditor take a final â€Å"objective look† at the financial statements that have been audited (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006, p. 208). Arens, Elder, and Beasley (2006) explain that one of the most important analytical procedures for uncovering misstatements of the Inventory and Warehousing Cycle are comparing current with prior year.Analytical procedures for the balance sheet and income statement accounts in the Inventory and Warehousing Cycle are presented in Table WK6-2. Table WK6-2. Inventory and Warehousing Cycle Analytical Procedures (Arens, Elder & Beasley, 2006) Cash Cycle The following tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for the Cash Cycle discussed by Arens, Elder, and Beasley (2006) are designed to ensure existence, completeness, accuracy, classification, timing, and summarization.Table WK6-3 illustrates the design of test of c ontrols and substantive tests of Cash Cycle. Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions Cash – Apollo Shoes, Inc. Transaction-Related Audit Objectives – Tests of Controls – Substantive Tests of Transactions| Transaction-Related Audit Objective| Tests of Controls| Substantive Tests of Transactions| Cash in the bank as stated on the reconciliation exists (existence)| * Receipt and tests of a bank confirmation. | * Proof account exists and balances are accurate. Existing cash in the bank is recorded (completeness). | * Receipt and tests of a cutoff bank statement. | * Tests of the bank reconciliation| Cash in the bank as stated on the reconciliation is accurate (accuracy). | * Tests of the bank reconciliation. * Extended tests of the bank reconciliation. | * Tests for kiting. * Proof of cash. | Cash in the bank is properly presented and disclosed (presentation and disclosure). |* Examine minutes, loan agreements, and obtain confirmation for restriction s on the use of cash and compensating balances. * Review financial statements to make sure (a) material savings accounts and certificates of deposit are disclosed separately from cash in the bank,(b) cash restricted to certain uses and compensating balances are adequately disclosed, and (c) bank overdrafts are included as current liabilities. | Cash receipts and cash disbursements transactions are recorded in the proper period (cutoff). | * Cash receipts:Count the cash on hand on the last day of the year and subsequently trace to deposits in transit and the cash receipts journal. Cash disbursements:Record the last check number used on the last day of the year and subsequently trace to the outstanding checks and the cash disbursements journal| * Trace deposits in transit to subsequent period bank statement (cutoff bank statement). * Trace outstanding checks to subsequent period bank statement. | Table WK6-3. Cash Cycle Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions Audit Des ign (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006) Analytical Procedures Analytical procedures for the balance sheet and income statement accounts in the Cash Cycle are presented in Table WK6-4.Table WK6-4 Cash Cycle Analytical Procedures (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006) References Arens, A. A. , Elder, R. J. , & Beasley, M. S. (2006). Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach (11th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Louwers, T. J. , & Reynolds, J. K. (2007). Apollo shoes, inc. : An audit case to accompany auditing and assurance services. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from University of Phoenix,  ACC546 – Auditing website.

Essay on Americans Should be able to Protect Themselves...

If you have ever been in a life threatening situation with no way to defend yourself, being denied access to a firearm makes the situation worse. Many law abiding citizens that feel threatened are not able to obtain a firearm for protection. Innocent people are dying while criminals are getting away with gun related crimes. There can be many regulations and laws against guns, but if a person wants a gun they will find a way to get one. The thought of criminals having guns in their possession is a scary thought, but would you want to be the one who is unarmed? Research shows there is no direct correlation between gun control and lower crime rates; therefore, denying law abiding citizens access to weapons for protection is unfair†¦show more content†¦To coincide with prior restrictions of gun control the Brady Bill, which was passed in 1993, required all background checks on gun buyers (Schwartz). According to Schwartz, such states as California and New Jersey have been creating stricter laws. California had manufacturers stamp every gun with an individual code; therefore, if a specific gun was questioned in a crime, they would be able to trace it back to the owner. New Jersey, not taking as extreme measures as California, enforced penalties for illegal gun possession as well. Gun control infringes on the Second Amendment right of the American people. The Second Amendment reads, A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed (Adams). In researching gun control, the government is not sure which way to enforce the law because they can not determine the fair interpretation of the amendment. Even though gun control is suppose to reduce fire arm related crimes, it only makes it harder for law abiding citizens, or officers of the law to attain guns. 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